Of late, with the occurrence of African Swine Fever (ASF) in the State, clarity on various pig diseases appears to be lacking amongst the public. Hence, to clarify and end the confusion of pig diseases, especially African Swine Fever, Classical Swine Fever & Swine Flu. The Department of the Department of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Services has informed the general public of the difference in the above three diseases as per enclosure.
This is being issued to enable the public & piggery farmers to take the necessary precautionary measure from the pigs as well as from a zoonotic point of view.
Differential features of Pig Diseases
|
SALIENT FEATURES |
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER (ASF) |
CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER (CSF) |
SWINE FLU (SF) |
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Definition |
African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of pigs (domestic & wild). |
CSF is also known as Hog Cholera is an acute febrile septicemia viral disease of swine. |
Swine flu is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease in pigs |
|
Causative organism |
Cause by DNA virus belonging to the Asfaviridae family and genus Asfivirus. |
By RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus. |
By influenza type - A viruses of H1N1 strain. |
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Symptoms |
High fever, reddening of skin of ear, tail, chest, abdomen, respiratory sign, skin necrosis, ulcer, joint swelling & death. |
High fever, huddling, constipation followed by diarrhea. Discoloration of the ears, abdomen or inner thighs & abortion in case of pregnant sows. |
Fever, depression, coughing (barking), discharge from the nose or eyes, sneezing, breathing difficulties, eye redness or inflammation & off feed. |
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Mortality rate |
Upto 100% |
Varies from almost zero to 100% |
Varies from 1-4% |
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Transmission |
Direct contact with infected pigs ii) Indirect contact via equipment, people & clothing. iii) It can be spread by ticks that feed on infected animal |
i) Direct contact between healthy swine and those infected pigs through saliva, nasal secretions, urine, and feces. ii) Indirect contact with contaminated pens, feed & clothing. |
i) Close contact between infected and uninfected pigs. ii) Sometimes transmitted to humans via contact with infected pigs or environments contaminated with swine influenza viruses. |
|
Vaccination |
Not available |
Available |
Not available in pigs |
|
Treatment |
No treatment |
Symptomatic |
Symptomatic |
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Pig to Human Transmission |
No |
No |
Yes (Zoonotic) |
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Occurrence in Nagaland |
Yes report (since 2021) |
Yes report (endemic) |
Not report (no occurrence) |
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Prevention & Control |
i) Culling of infected pigs & disposal through deep burial. ii) Sanitization of infected areas / sheds iii) Strict bio-security measures |
i) Regular & timely vaccination ii) Strict bio-security measures |
i) Separate out infected pig from healthy ones. ii) Strict bio-security measures iii) Disinfecting the bedding / floors |
|
Dos’ & Don’ts |
i) Do not consume dead animals ii) No swill feeding. iii) Do not throw the carcass in the open or in rivers / streams / pond. iv) Report the matter to the nearest Veterinary Centre. v) Seek medical advice in case of fever in pig attendants |
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